Human Performance (All Questions)

1. Question

An intake of iron is essential for:

Select one:

Building and maintain healthy bones and teeth.
Improving personal magnetism.
The production of Rhodopsin to improve night vision.
The manufacture of haemoglobin.

2. Question

A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a general anesthetic?

Select one:

12 hours.
48 hours.
2 hours.
24 hours.

3. Question

A person may not act as a crew member of a civil aircraft if alcoholic beverages have been consumed by that person within the preceding

Select one:

12 hours.
24 hours.
8 hours.

4. Question

A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a local anesthetic?

Select one:

2 hours.
48 hours.
24 hours.
12 hours.

5. Question

A person who has ‘Myopia’:

Select one:

Has a shorter than normal eyeball and vision is corrected with a Concave lens
Has a longer than normal eyeball and vision is corrected with a Concave lens
Has a longer than normal eyeball and vision is corrected with a Convex lens
Has a shorter than normal eyeball and vision is corrected with a Convex lens

6. Question

An illusion, that an aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, is produced by:

Select one:

Atmospheric haze.
Downsloping terrain.
Upsloping terrain.

7. Question

A pilot, accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get:

Select one:

the impression of stationary objects moving to the right or left.
the illusion to turn.
the feeling of rotation.
the illusion of climbing or descending.

8. Question

A pilot can overcome hyperventilation by:

Select one:

The use of drugs stabilizing blood pressure.
Increasing the rate and depth of breathing to eliminate harmful carbon dioxide.
Depending on instruments.
Controlling the rate and depth of breathing, breathing into a bag or speaking with a loud voice.

9. Question

An important factor to remember with regard to stress factors is:

Select one:

They are objective in nature
They affect all pilots equally
They decay with time
They are cumulative

10. Question

A rapid acceleration can create the illusion of being in a

Select one:

Nose down attitude.
Nose up attitude.
Left turn.

11. Question

“Error” is a generic term which describes all those occasions when a series of mental or physical activities do not achieve their intended effect. Now, complete the following statement. Errors:

Select one:

Are always part of the error chain.
Are isolated with no further consequence or influence.
May be isolated or cumulative.
Are cumulative, one error leads to a second, which leads to a third etc.

12. Question

Accommodation is the power of lens to focus rays of light from near objects onto the Fovea. Accommodation is controlled by:

Select one:

the Iris
the Rods and Cones
the Ciliary muscles
the Retina

13. Question

A smoker of 20 cigarettes a day at height will suffer from Anaemic Hypoxia and will have a raised carboxy-hemoglobin level of about 7%. He/she will start to suffer from Hypoxia approximately 4 – 5,000 ft below that of a non-smoker.

Select one:

Smoking has no effect on Hypoxia.
Partly true.
True.
False.

14. Question

100% oxygen without pressure can be used up to:

Select one:

70.000 ft
40.000 ft
60.000 ft
50.000 ft

15. Question

A smoker will feel the symptoms of hypoxia (Oxygen starvation) at:

Select one:

The same altitude as a non-smoker
A higher altitude than a non-smoker
Smoking makes no difference to a person’s susceptibility to hypoxia
A lower altitude than a non-smoker

16. Question

2nd class Medical certificate for private pilots over 50 years old is valid:

Select one:

6 months
12 months
24 months

17. Question

A standard “T” layout has the artificial horizon or attitude indicator at the centre. Which of the following is NOT included in the rest of the “T”?

Select one:

The compass
The airspeed indicator
The direction indicator
The altimeter

18. Question

2nd class Medical certificate for private pilots from 40 to 50 years old is valid:

Select one:

24 months
6 months
12 months

19. Question

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as

Select one:

Spatial disorientation.
Hyperventilation.
Hypoxia.

20. Question

A body mass index of 23 for a male or female pilot indicates he/she is:

Select one:

Obese
Overweight
Normal
Underweight

21. Question

A fit or seizure is symptomatic of:

Select one:

An electrical disturbance in the brain
A reduction in the blood supply to the brain
The failure of the pancreas to produce insulin
An interruption of the blood supply to the pulmonary system

22. Question

A false perception characterised by a distortion of real sensory stimuli is known as:

Select one:

Day-dreaming.
Hallucination.
Boredom response.
Mirage.

23. Question

A fit young person can detect a range of sounds between:

Select one:

20 and 20 000 Hertz
50 and 10 000 Hertz
500 and 3 000 Hertz
700 and 5 000 Hertz

24. Question

A fatigued pilot:

Select one:

Considerably increases the ability to concentrate.
Will show signs of increased irritability.
Is acting similar as when encountering a state of depression.
Will get pericardial pain.

25. Question

A healthy should be able to operate without suffering the effects of hypoxia up to altitudes of:

Select one:

20,000 ft
10,000 ft
16,000 ft
12,000 ft

26. Question

After scuba diving not deeper than 10 m (30 feet) you should postpone flight at least:

Select one:

6 hours
12 hours
24 hours
10 hours

27. Question

After donating blood, what is the minimum time a pilot should wait before flying?

Select one:

2 hours.
48 hours.
24 hours.
12 hours.

28. Question

A healthy young subject should have the following lung volumes:

Select one:

A residual volume of 1.2 liter.
An expiratory reserve volume of ~0.5 liter.
An inspiratory reserve volume of ~0.5 liter.
A vital capacity of ~7.0 liter.

29. Question

After scuba diving deeper than 10 m (30 feet) you should postpone flight at least:

Select one:

12 hours
6 hours
24 hours
10 hours

30. Question

A sudden change from climb to straight and level flight can give you an illusion of:

Select one:

tumbling backwards
a nose up attitude
a nose low attitude
turning to the left

31. Question

A human breathing 100% oxygen at 33,700 ft. is equivalent of breathing air at:

Select one:

20,700 ft
Sea level.
10,000 ft
21,300 ft

32. Question

Air in the atmosphere is made up of:

Select one:

Nitrogen (21%), Oxygen (0.03%), Carbon Dioxide (78%) and Argon (1%).
Nitrogen (78 %), Oxygen (21%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) and Argon (1%).
Nitrogen (1%), Oxygen (78%), Carbon Dioxide (21%) and Argon (0.03%).
Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) and Hydrogen (1%).

33. Question

Above what altitude do pilots need to breath supplementary oxygen?

Select one:

14 000 ft
8 000 ft
12 000 ft
10 000 ft

34. Question

A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctors prescription. In relation to using these preparations, which of the following is correct:

Select one:

they will cause a condition of over-arousal.
they have no side effects which would give problems to a pilot during flight.
a pilot using any of these preparations should get professional advice from a flight surgeon if he intends to fly and self-medicate at the same time.
the side effects of these types of preparations are sufficiently negligible as to be ignored by pilots.

35. Question

Alcohol unit is the amount of alcohol metabolized by human organism during:

Select one:

1 minute
24 hours
1 hour

36. Question

A pilot is 2 metres tall and weighs 90 kilograms. What is his Body Mass Index and is he over-weight?

Select one:

22.5; no
22.5, yes
40; yes
40; no

37. Question

A likely symptom, or likely symptoms, of Hypoxia might be:

Select one:

Increased heart rate.
All of the above.
Formication.
Cyanosis.

38. Question

Although not required, supplemental oxygen is recommended for use when flying at night above

Select one:

1,500 m (5,000 ft).
3,800 m (12,500 ft).
3,050 m (10,000 ft).

39. Question

A pilot should be able to overcome the symptoms or avoid future occurrences of:

Select one:

Increasing the breathing rate in order to increase lung ventilation.
Closely monitoring the flight instruments to control the airplane.
Hyperventilation by slowing the breathing rate, breathing into a bag, or talking aloud.

40. Question

A moderate level of arousal will:

Select one:

Lead to deterioration of performance due to narrowing of attention
Lead to a breakdown in health over a period of time
Lead to slow processing of sensory information
Produce interest in external events and performing tasks

41. Question

An analogue display is generally better than a digital display for showing which sort of data?

Select one:

Quantitative
Subjective
Numerical
Qualitative

42. Question

The shortest distance between 2 point of the surface of the earth is:

Select one:

The arc of a great circle.
A great circle.
Rhumb line.
Half the rhumb line distance.

43. Question

One aid in increasing night vision effectiveness would be to:

Select one:

Look directly at objects.
Increase intensity of interior lighting.
Force the eyes to view off center.

44. Question

Oxygen deficiency with strong influence on the performance of the pilot is:

Select one:

hypoxia
dehydration
hyperventilation
hypothermia

45. Question

Oxygen deficiency:

Select one:

Is profitable for day vision
Is harmful for night vision
Is profitable for night vision
Has no influence on night vision

46. Question

Oxygen consumption with increasing altitude:

Select one:

Increases
Initially decreases, than increases
Is constant
Decreases

47. Question

Our body takes its energy from:

1minerals

2protein

3carbohydrates

4vitamins

Select one:

1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3
1, 4
1, 3

48. Question

One of the main contributory factors to the onset of motion sickness is:

Select one:

The mismatch between visual and vestibular sensory inputs.
Performing high g maneuvers.
Stalling.
Rolling quickly into turns.

49. Question

One essential quality the competent pilot should possess is:

Select one:

Poor communications skills.
A highly developed sense of responsibility.
The ability to predict weather changes.
An impulsive personality.

50. Question

Observation of the empty visual field brings the focus of the eye to a point in space:

Select one:

infinity
20 m away
1-2 m away

51. Question

On what does the causes of noise induced hearing loss depend?

Select one:

The duration of the noise above 100 dbs.
Both the intensity and duration of the noise above 100 dbs.
The duration of the noise above 110 dbs.
Both the intensity and duration of the noise above 90 dbs.

52. Question

On average, how long does it take to eliminate one unit of alcohol from the blood?

Select one:

8 hours
24 hours
One hour
12 hours

53. Question

Noise induced hearing loss is influenced by:

Select one:

the suddenness of onset of a noise.
the duration of a noise but not its intensity.
the intensity of the noise but not its duration.
the duration and intensity of a noise.

54. Question

Muscular power after carbon monoxide poisoning:

Select one:

carbon monoxide does not effect muscular power
increases
decreases

55. Question

Motion sickness is caused by:

Select one:

Continued stimulation of the tiny portion of the inner ear which controls sense of balance.
The movement of an aircraft causing the stomach to create an acid substance which causes the stomach lining to contract.
Instability in the brain cells which affect balance and will generally be overcome with experience.

56. Question

Motion sickness arises when there is:

Select one:

Disorientation caused by the loss of visual reference.
Vertical displacement from the longitudinal axis.
A mismatch between visual and vestibular signals.
Vertical displacement from the horizontal axis.

57. Question

Most preferable way to scan the external field is:

Select one:

eyes are permanently moving
long observation of as far as possible big external field
short movements of eyes with regular stops for the observation

58. Question

Most harmful blood gas during decompression sickness is:

Select one:

Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide

59. Question

Loudness is measured in:

Select one:

Decibels.
Hertz.
Pascal’s.
Cycles per second.

60. Question

Messages are sent through the nervous system by…

Select one:

Electrical and hormonal.
Chemical.
Electrical and chemical.
Chemical and hormonal.

61. Question

Longer than usual runway will look:

Select one:

farther than in fact
closer than in fact

62. Question

Light levels at high altitude are dangerous because they:

Select one:

Cause the iris to close, blinding the pilot
Cause reflections on the windscreen
Cause a blind spot on the optic nerve
Contain more of the damaging Blue and UV light

63. Question

Linear acceleration can give a false impression of a:

Select one:

descent.
turn.
climb.
spin.

64. Question

Large accumulations of carbon monoxide in the human body result in:

Select one:

Loss of muscular power
Tightness across the forehead.
An increased sense of well-being.

65. Question

Landing on unfamiliar narrow runway (normal approach) will give an impression that you are:

Select one:

too high gliding slope
too low gliding slope

66. Question

Just before flight you fell ill. You:

Select one:

postpone flight
warn your flight crew about your illness
keep silence and proceed with preflight preparations

67. Question

It is generally accepted that the short-term memory can hold how many items long?

Select one:

7 items for 5-10 minutes.
7 items for 10-20 seconds.
4 items for 15 seconds.
15 items for 1-5 minutes.

68. Question

Is it legal to fly when you undergo treatment with unfamiliar medicine?

Select one:

legal
illegal

69. Question

Inhaling carbon monoxide can be extremely dangerous during flying. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

Select one:

Carbon monoxide is odourless and cannot be smelled.
Carbon monoxide increases the oxygen saturation in the blood.
With increasing altitude the negative effects of carbon monoxide poisoning will be compensated.
Small amounts of carbon monoxide are harmless.

70. Question

Influence of alcohol:

Select one:

small amount is profitable for decision-making
small amount increases light sense
even a small amount can negatively influence decision-making

71. Question

Including REM, how many stages of sleep are there?

Select one:

Three.
Five.
Four.
Two.

72. Question

In which part of the eye is visual acuity at its highest?

Select one:

the Pupil
the Retina
the Fovea
the Cornea

73. Question

In which layer or layers of the atmosphere do conventional aircraft fly?

Select one:

The Troposphere and the Stratosphere.
The Troposphere and Ionosphere.
The Stratosphere and Ionosphere.
The Troposphere.

74. Question

In the short-term-memory, information is stored for approximately

Select one:

1 hour
5 minutes
a couple of days
20 seconds

75. Question

In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Troposphere, temperature:

Select one:

Stays the same.
Decreases.
Also increases.
Will not be affected as it is independent of altitude.

76. Question

In the international standard atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the troposphere, pressure:

Select one:

Decreases.
Stays the same.
Also increases.
Will not be affected as pressure is independent of altitude.

77. Question

In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the troposphere, air density:

Select one:

Also increases.
Stays the same.
Will not be affected as air density is independent of altitude.
Decreases.

78. Question

In the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Stratosphere, temperature:

Select one:

Remains almost constant at -56 degrees Celsius.
Also increases.
Fluctuates between positive and negative temperatures.
Decreases.

79. Question

In the ICAO Standard Atmosphere (ISA), as altitude increases in the Troposphere, air density:

Select one:

Stays the same.
Increases.
Decreases.
Will not be affected as air density is independent of altitude.

80. Question

In the following list you find some symptoms for hypoxia and carbon monoxide poisoning.

Select one:

Dizziness, hypothermia.
Visual disturbances, lack of concentration, euphoria.
Nausea and barotitis.
Dull headache and bends.

81. Question

In the aeronautical decision making (ADM) process, what is the first step in neutralizing a hazardous attitude?

Select one:

Recognizing hazardous thoughts.
Making a rational judgment.
Recognizing the invulnerability of the situation.

82. Question

In order to stop hyperventilation it is recommended to:

Select one:

decrease breathing frequency and/or breathe expired air
use oxygen mask
increase breathing frequency

83. Question

In order to see an object best, at night, the pilot should:

Select one:

Look slightly to one side of the object.
Look directly at the object, blinking several times.
Look away from the object and then repeatedly look back at it.
Look directly and intensely at the object.

84. Question

In order to see a sharp image of an oncoming aircraft which has been detected by the eye, a pilot should:

Select one:

Commence a systematic scan of the airspace in front of him.
Look directly at the oncoming aircraft.
Blink several times to make the image clearer.
Look to one side of the oncoming aircraft.

85. Question

In order to be effective, exercise should be:

Select one:

Sufficient to halve the resting heart rate for 20 minutes, at least three times per week
Sufficient to double the resting heart rate for 30 minutes, at least twice a week
Sufficient to double the resting heart rate for 20 minutes, at least three times per week
Sufficient to double the resting heart rate for 20 minutes at least twice per week

86. Question

In order to avoid disorientation in flight you should rely on:

Select one:

advice of colleagues
flight instruments
body sensations

87. Question

In an unpressurised aircraft, at high altitudes the amount of oxygen that diffuses across

Select one:

The lung membranes into the blood is decreased because of the low partial pressure of oxygen.
Unchanged to that at sea level.
Decreased because of the lower temperatures.

88. Question

In case of in-flight stress, one should:

Select one:

only trust in oneself; being sure to know the own limits.
use all available resources of the crew.
demonstrate aggressiveness to stimulate the crew.
always carry out a breathing exercise.

89. Question

If you are disorientated during night flying you must:

Select one:

look outside.
check your rate of breathing – do not breathe too fast.
relay on instruments.
descend.

90. Question

If the pilot of an aircraft approaches a runway that is wider than normal, one of the possible consequences could be that:

Select one:

he would flare at a too low altitude.
the aircraft would touch down after he expects to.
he would choose a visual touchdown point too far into the runway.
he would touch down with excess speed.

91. Question

If the pilot is interrupted when carrying-out the pre-takeoff checks, he should:

Select one:

Recommence the checks beginning with an item located one step further on in the checklist from the item reached when the interruption occurred.
Recommence the checks from the beginning of the checklist.
Recommence the checks from the item in the checklist reached when the interruption occurred.
Recommence the checks beginning with an item located one step back in the checklist from the item reached when the interruption occurred.

92. Question

If the pilot flies a visual approach to a runway, which has a pronounced downward slope of which he is unaware, what will be the likely result?

Select one:

The pilot will fly an approach shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of overshooting.
The pilot will fly an approach shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of overshooting

93. Question

If the atmospheric pressure decreases, the partial pressure of the oxygen in the atmosphere will:

Select one:

Increase.
Not be affected as it is independent of atmospheric pressure.
Decrease.
Stay the same.

94. Question

If an individual has gone scuba diving which has not required a controlled ascent and will be flying to cabin pressure altitudes of 8000 feet or less, the recommended waiting time is at least

Select one:

4 hours.
12 hours.
24 hours.

95. Question

If taking a course of drugs, is it advisable to pilot an aircraft?

Select one:

Yes, provided that the drug is non-prescription.
Yes, provided that they are antibiotics, as these do not have side-effects.
No, you should never fly while taking any drugs.
No, unless cleared by an Aviation Medicine Specialist.

96. Question

If an aircraft accelerates, what do the otoliths indicate to the brain?

Select one:

That the aircraft is pitching down.
That the aircraft is pitching up.
That the aircraft is climbing and turning.
That the aircraft is turning.

97. Question

If advice is needed concerning possible flight with an illness, a pilot should contact

Select one:

The nearest hospital.
An Aviation Medical Examiner.
Their family doctor.

98. Question

If a pilot is used to flying in relatively polluted hazy air and then flies in a very clear sky:

Select one:

Near objects may be mistaken for those further away.
Near objects may appear further away than they are.
Distant objects may appear closer than they are.
Distant objects may appear further away than they are.

99. Question

If a pilot is suffering from a cold of flu, he:

Select one:

Is unfit to fly.
Is fit to fly if he can clear his ears.
Is fit to fly if taking appropriate medication.
If fit to fly if no sneezing has been experienced for one hour.

100. Question

If a pilot is on the final approach to a runway which is narrower than he expects, what will be the most likely result?

Select one:

The pilot will be led to fly a higher approach than normal, and be forced to go around.
The pilot will fly a lower approach than normal, with the danger of rounding out too late, or undershooting the runway.
The pilot will fly a lower approach than normal, with the danger of rounding out too soon, or overshooting the runway.
The pilot will be led to fly a higher approach than normal, with the danger of rounding out too soon, or overshooting the runway.

101. Question

If a pilot is interrupted when carrying out the pre-take-off checks, he should:

Select one:

Recommence the checks from the beginning of the checklist
Recommence the checks beginning with an item located one step further on in the checklist from the item reached when the interruption occurred
Recommence the checks from the item in the checklist reached when the interruption occurred
Recommence the checks beginning with an item located one step back in the checklist from the item reached when the interruption occurred

102. Question

If a pilot is approaching a runway much larger than that at his home airfield, what is his visual perception of the runway likely to be?

Select one:

The runway will appear further away than it actually is.
A different approach path should be adopted.
Distances will be easy to judge.
The runway will appear closer than it actually is.

103. Question

If a pilot flies a visual approach to a runway, which is wider than the runway to which he is used to, what will be the likely result?

Select one:

The pilot will fly an approach which is lower than intended with the danger that he will round out too late, or overshoot the runway.
The pilot will fly an approach which is higher than intended with the danger that he will round out too soon, or overshoot the runway.
The pilot will fly an approach which is higher than intended with the danger that he will round out too late, or undershoot the runway.
The pilot will fly an approach which is lower than intended with the danger that he will round out too late, or undershoot the runway.

104. Question

If a pilot flies a visual approach to a runway, which has a pronounced upward slope of which he is unaware, what will be the likely result?

Select one:

The pilot will fly an approach which is steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of an overshoot.
The pilot will fly an approach which is shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of an overshoot.

105. Question

If a pilot flies a visual approach to a runway which has a pronounced downward slope of which he is unaware, what will be the likely result?

Select one:

The pilot will fly an approach which is steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is steeper than intended, leading to the possibility of overshooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of undershooting.
The pilot will fly an approach which is shallower than intended, leading to the possibility of overshooting

106. Question

If a pilot experiences spatial disorientation during flight in a restricted visibility condition, the best way to overcome the effect is to:

Select one:

Consciously slow the breathing rate until symptoms clear and then resume normal breathing rate.
Rely upon the aircraft instrument indications.
Concentrate on yaw, pitch, and roll sensations.

107. Question

Hypoxia is the result of:

Select one:

Insufficient oxygen in the air.
Excessive nitrogen in the bloodstream.
Shortage of oxygen in the body.

108. Question

Hypoxia is defined as:

Select one:

The condition where there is insufficient Oxygen to meet the body’s needs
The condition where Carbon Monoxide replaces Oxygen in the white blood cells
The condition where Carbon Dioxide will not bond to haemoglobin
The altitude at which a person begins to show symptoms of decompression sickness

109. Question

Hypoxia is the result of:

Select one:

Low temperatures.
Excessive nitrogen in the bloodstream.
Decreasing amount of oxygen as your altitude increases.
High barometric pressure at higher altitudes.

110. Question

Hypoxia effects visual performance. A pilot may:

Select one:

Be unable to maintain piercing vision below 5000 FT AGL.
Get blurred and/or tunnel vision.
Get color blindness accompanied by severe headache.
Have a reduction of 25% in visual acuity at 8000 FT AGL.

111. Question

Hypoxia can also be caused by:

Select one:

A lack of red blood cells in the blood or decreased ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen.
Increasing oxygen partial pressure used for the exchange of gases.
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood.
A lack of nitrogen in ambient air.

112. Question

Hyperventilation results from

Select one:

A lack of carbon dioxide in the body.
Breathing too rapidly causing a lack of oxygen.
Flying too high without supplemental oxygen.

113. Question

Hypermetropia is caused by a __ eyeball and treated by a lens whereas Myopia is caused by a _ eyeball and treated with a _____lens.

Select one:

lengthened, convex, shortened, concave
shortened, concave, lengthened, convex
shortened, convex, lengthened, concave
lengthened, concave, shortened, convex

114. Question

Hyperventilation causes:

Select one:

Hypochondria.
A lack of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Acidosis.
An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood.

115. Question

Hypermetropia and Myopia are normally caused by:

Select one:

Badly fitting spectacles.
A misshapened eye ball.
Stress.
Eye strain.

116. Question

How would a light aircraft pilot perceive the image of a fast moving jet approaching head-on? The image would be:

Select one:

Small at first, maintaining a constant size and approach rate
Small at first, displaying a slow growth rate, then increasing in size rapidly just before impact
Small at first and grow in size steadily and regularly
Small at first, displaying an immediate rapid growth rate, but less rapidly just before impact

117. Question

How will a pilot perceive a runway to which he is flying an approach, but which is smaller than the runways he his used to?

Select one:

The pilot will perceive no difference between this runway and the ones he is used to.
The pilot will get the impression that he is low and close.
The runway will appear nearer than it is in reality.
The runway will appear further away than it is in reality.

118. Question

How will a pilot perceive a runway to which he is flying an approach, but which is bigger than the runways he his used to?

Select one:

The pilot will get the impression that he is high and distant.
The pilot will perceive no difference between this runway and the ones he is used to.
The runway will appear further away than it is in reality.
The runway will appear nearer than it is in reality.

119. Question

How much of our knowledge is acquired through sight?

Select one:

85%.
90%.
75%.
65%.

120. Question

How many decisions can make by the Central Decision Maker at any one time?

Select one:

Up to 7
1 only
2 or 3
Over 10

121. Question

How long after prolonged breathing-in of Carbon Monoxide, must a pilot refrain from flying?

Select one:

12 hours
Several days
8 hours
24 hours

122. Question

How can spatial disorientation in IMC be avoided? By:

Select one:

maintaining a good instrument cross check.
looking outside whenever possible ignoring the attitude indicator.
moving the head into the direction of the resultant vertical.
believing your body senses only.

123. Question

Henrys Law explains the occurrence of:

Select one:

Decompression sickness.
Hypoxia.
Hyperventilation.
Diffusion.

124. Question

Hemoglobin is:

Select one:

In the red blood cells.
In the platelets.
Dissolved in the plasma.
In the white blood cells.

125. Question

Hazy conditions may lead the pilot to perceive:

Select one:

Objects outside the aircraft as being further away than they actually are.
Objects outside the aircraft in exactly the same way as in conditions of good visibility.
Objects outside the aircraft as being more numerous than they actually are.
Objects outside the aircraft as being closer than they actually are.

126. Question

Hazardous attitudes occur to every pilot to some degree at some time. What are some of these hazardous attitudes?

Select one:

Antiauthority, impulsivity, macho, resignation, and invulnerability.
Poor risk management and lack of stress management.
Poor situational awareness, snap judgments, and lack of a decision making process.

127. Question

Having successfully overcome a stressful situation once, how will the person react if placed in the same or similar situation a second time?

Select one:

Stress will decrease because, having already successfully overcome the stressful situation, he will be confident he can do so again.
Experience cannot affect reaction to stress.
Stress will increase because he will be afraid of what he knows lies ahead.
There will be little difference.

128. Question

Having given blood a pilot should see a doctor because of the increased susceptibility to:

Select one:

low blood pressure.
hyperventilation.
hypoxia.
glaucoma.

129. Question

Haemoglobin is:

Select one:

in the platelets.
dissolved in the plasma.
in the red blood cells.
in the white blood cells.

130. Question

Good briefings are very important. Which of the following could be the result of a bad briefing?

Select one:

Increased uncertainty.
Good understanding of information.
Decreased uncertainty.
Good transfer of knowledge.

131. Question

Glaucoma:

Select one:

This occurs in the dark when a static light may appear to move after being stared at for several seconds
A shorter than normal eye results in the image being formed behind the retina. Images of close objects will become blurred.
A form of long sightedness caused by the lens of the eye losing its elasticity with age. The loss of elasticity means that the lens can no longer accommodate fully and will result in close objects becoming blurred. A common condition in those more than 45 years of age, but easily corrected with a weak convex lens.
A disease of the eye which causes a pressure rise of the liquid within the eye. Glaucoma can cause severe pain and even blindness. Glaucoma exists in two forms: Acute and Chronic.

132. Question

Gases of physiological importance to human are:

Select one:

Oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor.
Oxygen and carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

133. Question

Gas which has the biggest percentage by volume in the atmosphere air is:

Select one:

Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide

134. Question

Galactic Radiation is:

Select one:

Steady and reasonably predictable.
Unsteady and unpredictable.
Unsteady and reasonably predictable.
Steady but unpredictable.

135. Question

From the options below, choose the correct sequence of the various stages of the reasoning process:

Select one:

Detection, Perception, Decisions taken, Action, Feedback.
Perception, Action, Feedback, Detection, Decisions taken.
Detection, Perception, Decisions taken, Feedback, Action.
Detection, Feedback, Decisions taken, Action, Perception.

136. Question

Frequent and deep breathing, especially when oxygen is used can lead to:

Select one:

Hypoxia
Death
Hyperventilation
Myopia

137. Question

For what period of time must a pilot refrain from flying after being given an anaesthetic?

Select one:

24 hours following a local anaesthetic and 48 hours following a general anaesthetic
12 hours following a local anaesthetic and 24 hours following a general anaesthetic
12 hours following a local anaesthetic and 48 hours following a general anaesthetic
24 hours following both local anaesthetic and a general anaesthetic

138. Question

For the pilot of an aircraft on a head-on collision course with a fast-moving jet, the image of the approaching jet will appear to grow in size in the following manner:

Select one:

at a constant rate
only slowly at first until just before impact when the image would grow in size very rapidly
rapidly initially, and then remain at a constant size until impact
very rapidly at first but then continue to grow at a constant rate

139. Question

Flying immediately following a dive with SCUBA diving equipment (>10 m depth):

Select one:

Has no influence on altitude flights.
Is forbidden for the flight crew, because it leads to hypoxia.
Can cause decompression sickness even when flying at pressure altitudes below 18.000 ft.
Prevents any dangers caused by aeroembolism (decompression sickness) when climbing to altitudes not exceeding 30.000 ft

140. Question

Flying immediately after SCUBA diving involves the risk of getting:

Select one:

Hypoxia.
Decompression sickness without having a decompression.
Stress.
Hyperventilation.

141. Question

Fatigue and permanent concentration:

Select one:

increase the tolerance to hypoxia.
lower the tolerance to hypoxia.
do not affect hypoxia at all.
will increase the tolerance to hypoxia when flying below 15.000 feet.

142. Question

Expired air contains:

Select one:

21% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.
15% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide.
21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide.
15% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide.

143. Question

Equalization of pressure is limited between the middle ear and the ambient, when:

Select one:

you breath through the mouth.
the nose is pinched.
barotrauma exists in the sinuses.
the eustachian tube is blocked.

144. Question

Enter into the following statement the most correct pair of gases from the options below.

Hemoglobin in red blood cells is more readily attracted to_than__.

Select one:

Carbon Dioxide / Nitrogen.
Carbon Monoxide / Oxygen.
Oxygen / Nitrogen.
Nitrogen / Oxygen.

145. Question

Enter into the following statement the most correct pair of figures from the options below.

The maximum recommended levels of alcohol consumption per week are_for men and_for women.

Select one:

7 units / 3 units.
21 units / 14 units.
3 units / 7 units.
14 units / 21 units.

146. Question

Empty field myopia is caused by:

Select one:

flying over mountainous terrain.
ozone at altitude.
lack of distant focal points.
atmospheric perspective.

147. Question

Empty Field Myopia is a condition where the eyes naturally focus at a distance of approximately:

Select one:

1 – 2 meters.
20 – 500 meters.
Infinity.
At the horizon.

148. Question

During straight and level flight any pronounced linear acceleration may produce sensation of the nose pitching up. In such a situation, the pilot should:

Select one:

Correct the pitching movement by moving the control column slightly forward.
Rely on his "seat of the pants" feeling to make any necessary correction.
Rely on information from the vestibular apparatus to maintain orientation.
Ignore vestibular information and believe what the instruments are indicating.

149. Question

During paradoxical sleep:

Select one:

Rapid eye movements can be observed.
Physical restoration and recuperation takes place.
The rhythm of the heart is very regular.
Respiration is very regular.

150. Question

During a climb to 18 000 ft, the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere

Select one:

Decreases.
Remains the same.
Increases.

151. Question

Dry air is a mixture of gases. Their volume percentage is about:

Select one:

21% oxygen,78% nitrogen, 1% other gases.
19% oxygen, 80% nitrogen, 1% other gases.
25% oxygen, 74% nitrogen, 1% other gases.
18% oxygen, 80% nitrogen, 2% other gases.

152. Question

Decompression symptoms are caused by:

Select one:

Low carbon dioxide pressure of inhaled air.
Release of locked gases from joints.
Dissolved gases from tissues and fluids of the body.
Low oxygen pressure of inhaled air.

153. Question

Dark adaptation takes about for the Rods, and __for the Cones.

Select one:

30 minutes / 7 minutes.
15 minutes / 20 minutes.
25 minutes / 45 minutes.
7 minutes / 30 minutes.

154. Question

Dark adaptation is impaired by exposure to:

Select one:

Carbon dioxide.
Vitamin a in the diet.
Cabin pressure altitudes above 5000 feet.

155. Question

Daltons law explains the occurrence of:

Select one:

Creeps.
Altitude hypoxia.
Decompression sickness.
Bends.

156. Question

Daltons law states:

Select one:

The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
The partial pressure of a gas is proportional to its fractional concentration in a gas mixture.
The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is inversely proportional to its temperature.
The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture is inversely proportional to its fractional concentration.

157. Question

Consistent adherence to approved checklists is a sign of:

Select one:

Low-tome pilot.
Disciplined and competent pilot.
Pilot who lacks the required knowledge.

158. Question

Cones see … and adapt in approximately … whereas the rods see … and adapt in approximately … when moving from high to low levels of light.

Select one:

color; 30 minutes; black and white; 7 minutes.
black and white; 7 minutes; colour; 30 minutes.
color; 7 minutes; black and white; 30 minutes.
black and white; 30 minutes; colour; 7 minutes.

159. Question

Complete the following statement: If, as an experienced pilot, you are flying with someone of much greater experience, and you see him do something you consider to be dangerous, you should:

Select one:

immediately question his course of action
do nothing for the moment, but check the wisdom and correctness of his action by discussing it with an instructor after you have landed
ignore the situation because he obviously knows what he is doing
wait until the action or manoeuvre is completed, and then question him

160. Question

Complete the following statement. The level of stress felt by an individual is dependent on:

Select one:

None of the above.
A combination of perceived demand and actual ability.
Perceived demand.
Actual ability.

161. Question

Complete the following statement. The level of stress felt by an individual is dependent on:

Select one:

None of the above.
A combination of perceived demand and actual ability.
Perceived demand.
Actual ability.

162. Question

Complete the following statement. Mental Overload usually:

Select one:

Leads to better performance.
Has no effect on performance.
Leads to degraded performance.
Causes changes in the speed and accuracy of performance which vary from individual to individual.

163. Question

Complete the following statement. If, as an inexperienced pilot, you are flying with someone of much greater experience, and you see him do something you consider to be dangerous, you should:

Select one:

Do nothing for the moment, but check the wisdom and correctness of his action by discussing it with an instructor after you have landed.
Immediately question his course of action.
Ignore the situation because he obviously knows what he is doing.
Wait until the action or manoeuvre is completed, and then questions him.

164. Question

Complete the following sentence. If your Eustachian tube is blocked and you cannot clear your ears, you should:

Select one:

Proceed with your flight but ensure that you swallow hard frequently.
Clear your nose with a nasal inhaler before flying.
Ground yourself until the condition causing the blocking of the Eustachian tube has cleared up.
Fly only as a passenger.

165. Question

Compared to a non-smoker, someone who smokes is likely to experience the effects of hypoxia at:

Select one:

Any altitude.
The same altitude.
A higher altitude.
A lower altitude.

166. Question

Colour-blindness is caused by:

Select one:

defective functioning of the ciliary muscles.
a defect in the lens tissue of the eye.
a foreshortened eyeball.
a defect in the structure of colour-sensitive cones in retina.

167. Question

Color-blindness or, more accurately, color-defective vision, is caused by:

Select one:

A defect in the structure of the color-sensitive cones in the retina.
Defective functioning of the ciliary muscles.
A defect in the lens tissue of the eye.
A foreshortened eyeball.

168. Question

Change of which parameter with increasing altitude is responsible for the decreased oxygen consumption?

Select one:

temperature
all answers are incorrect
concentration of the oxygen in the air (percentage by volume)
pressure

169. Question

Carbon monoxide is:

Select one:

Easily detected because of specific scent.
Easily detected because of specific color.
Detected with difficulty – it is colorless and scentless.
Detected only in high altitudes.

170. Question

Carbon monoxide is dangerous because:

Select one:

Haemoglobin has10 times the affinity for it than it has for Oxygen
Its smell and taste are not easily recognisable to the inexperienced pilot
Haemoglobin has 210 times the affinity for it than it has for Oxygen
Haemoglobin has 110 times the affinity for it than it has for Oxygen

171. Question

Carbon monoxide in an aircraft cabin is

Select one:

Difficult to recognize because of its odorless and colorless.
Easily recognizable because of its peculiar color.
Easily recognizable because of its peculiar odor.

172. Question

Breathing is regulated by:

Select one:

The will of each human being.
The transfer of Oxygen from the blood to the tissues in the body.
Monitoring changes in the level of Carbon dioxide in the blood.
The presence of hemoglobin in the blood.

173. Question

Breakfast should supply:

Select one:

A high fat start to the day to give energy and reduce the risk of a heart attack.
Sufficient calories to spend a whole day at the airfield.
At least 25% of the daily calorie intake.
Enough protein to make up 50% of the daily calories consumed.

174. Question

Brain cells that have been deprived of oxygen will start to die in:

Select one:

2 hours.
2 minutes.
1/2 hour.
2 seconds.

175. Question

Both over- and under- Arousal can lead to:

Select one:

Under-performance.
Boredom.
Optimum performance.
Over-performance.

176. Question

Blood pressure may be too high due to:

Select one:

Smoking.
Stress.
Age.
All of the above.

177. Question

Being badly overweight increases a pilot’s susceptibility to which of the following conditions?

Select one:

Hypothermia
All of the above.
Heart attack.
Hypoxia at higher altitudes.

178. Question

Behaviour after event, when action procedure is not established is based on:

Select one:

regulations
practice
knowledge

179. Question

Behavior after event, when action procedure is not established is based on:

Select one:

knowledge.
practice.
regulations.

180. Question

Autokinetic illusion is:

Select one:

a conflict between the visual system and bodily sensations.
an illusion in which a stationary point of light, if stared at for several seconds in the dark, may – without a frame of reference – appear to move.
poor interpretation of the surrounding world.
the sensation during a radial acceleration of seeing a fixed reference point moving into the opposite direction of the acceleration.

181. Question

ATC command to switch to frequency 118.1 during flight will be stored in:

Select one:

short-term memory
long-term memory

182. Question

At what rate does the body remove alcohol from the blood?

Select one:

100 milligrams per 15 millilitres per hour
120 milligrams per 80 millilitres per hour
50 milligrams per 100 millilitres per hour
15 milligrams per 100 millilitres per hour

183. Question

At night it is easier to focus on an object if you:

Select one:

look slightly to one side of it
look directly at it while holding your eyes open as wide as you can
look directly at it.
look about 50 degrees either side of it

184. Question

At low altitude, the most common symptoms of hyperventilation include:

Select one:

Feeling of well-being, shock, heat and poor visual acuity.
Dizziness, visual disorder, anxiety, tingling around the feet, hands and lips.
Anxiety, scuba diving, vibration and poor visual acuity.
Motion sickness, poor visual acuity, heat and scuba diving.

185. Question

At altitude, the volumetric proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere is:

Select one:

The same as at mean sea level (MSL).
Lower than MSL.
Dependent on the actual altitude.
Higher than MSL.

186. Question

At altitude the pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere is:

Select one:

Higher than at MSL.
Unaffected, as partial pressure is independent of altitude.
Lower than at MSL
The same as at mean sea level (MSL).

187. Question

At 36,000 ft. the air pressure is:

Select one:

One tenth of the sea-level value.
One quarter of the sea-level value.
Half the sea-level value.
Three quarters of the sea-level value.

188. Question

At 36 000 feet, the air pressure is:

Select one:

One tenth of the sea-level value
Half of the sea-level value
One quarter of the sea-level value
Three quarters of the sea-level value

189. Question

Astigmatism is the name for:

Select one:

Colour blindness
The ability of the lens to change shape
An eyeball which is too short
A mis-shapen cornea

190. Question

Astigmatism is caused by a defect in the:

Select one:

Fovea
Iris
Retina
Cornea

191. Question

As light falls on the Retina at increasing angles from the Fovea the sharpness of central vision:

Select one:

decreases at first and then returns to normal
decreases
increases
remains the same

192. Question

As captain of an aircraft you will need to show good leadership skills. Which of the following is not one such skill?

Select one:

Being aware of one’s limitations and capabilities
Aggressive assertiveness
Maintaining good situational awareness
Forward planning

193. Question

As a pilot, flying for long periods in hot summer temperatures increases the susceptibility

Select one:

Moist air at altitude helps retain the body´s moisture.
Of dehydration since the dry air at altitude tends to increase the rate of water loss from the body.
Temperature decreases with altitude.

194. Question

Are photochromic sunglasses permissible to be used in flight by a pilot?

Select one:

Never
Only at night
Only in VMC
Always

195. Question

Approximately how many chunks of information can an average person process at one time:

Select one:

one.
seven.
ten.
three.

196. Question

Approximately how long does it take a person to dissipate one unit of alcohol from the blood?

Select one:

1 hour.
12 hours.
1/2 hour.
2 hours.

197. Question

Approaching a runway at night where only the runway lights are visible, with no lights to indicate the nature of the surrounding terrain may result in the pilot:

Select one:

Flying too low an approach and undershooting the runway
Flying too high an approach and undershooting the runway
Flying too high an approach and overshooting the runway
Flying too low an approach and overshooting the runway

198. Question

Anthropometry is the study of:

Select one:

human limitations.
human measurement.
human working conditions.
human workspace.

199. Question

Angina is caused by:

Select one:

Insufficient blood reaching the heart muscle
A blocked blood vessel in the brain
A blockage of pulmonary blood vessels
Death of part of the heart muscle

200. Question

An illusion is:

Select one:

The difference between divided and selective attention.
When perception is not the same as the real world.
A deliberate modification of the truth to catch the unwary pilot.
A condition arising when deprived of visual and auditory stimuli.

Human Performance and Limitations

Human Performance (All Questions)

Quiz Summary

Information

Results

Results

Categories

1. Question

An intake of iron is essential for:

2. Question

A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a general anesthetic?

3. Question

A person may not act as a crew member of a civil aircraft if alcoholic beverages have been consumed by that person within the preceding

4. Question

A pilot should not fly for at least how long after a local anesthetic?

5. Question

A person who has ‘Myopia’:

6. Question

An illusion, that an aircraft is at a higher altitude than it actually is, is produced by:

7. Question

A pilot, accelerating or decelerating in level flight may get:

8. Question

A pilot can overcome hyperventilation by:

9. Question

An important factor to remember with regard to stress factors is:

10. Question

A rapid acceleration can create the illusion of being in a

11. Question

“Error” is a generic term which describes all those occasions when a series of mental or physical activities do not achieve their intended effect. Now, complete the following statement. Errors:

12. Question

Accommodation is the power of lens to focus rays of light from near objects onto the Fovea. Accommodation is controlled by:

13. Question

A smoker of 20 cigarettes a day at height will suffer from Anaemic Hypoxia and will have a raised carboxy-hemoglobin level of about 7%. He/she will start to suffer from Hypoxia approximately 4 – 5,000 ft below that of a non-smoker.

14. Question

100% oxygen without pressure can be used up to:

15. Question

A smoker will feel the symptoms of hypoxia (Oxygen starvation) at:

16. Question

2nd class Medical certificate for private pilots over 50 years old is valid:

17. Question

A standard “T” layout has the artificial horizon or attitude indicator at the centre. Which of the following is NOT included in the rest of the “T”?

18. Question

2nd class Medical certificate for private pilots from 40 to 50 years old is valid:

19. Question

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is defined as

20. Question

A body mass index of 23 for a male or female pilot indicates he/she is:

21. Question

A fit or seizure is symptomatic of:

22. Question

A false perception characterised by a distortion of real sensory stimuli is known as:

23. Question

A fit young person can detect a range of sounds between:

24. Question

A fatigued pilot:

25. Question

A healthy should be able to operate without suffering the effects of hypoxia up to altitudes of:

26. Question

After scuba diving not deeper than 10 m (30 feet) you should postpone flight at least:

27. Question

After donating blood, what is the minimum time a pilot should wait before flying?

28. Question

A healthy young subject should have the following lung volumes:

29. Question

After scuba diving deeper than 10 m (30 feet) you should postpone flight at least:

30. Question

A sudden change from climb to straight and level flight can give you an illusion of:

31. Question

A human breathing 100% oxygen at 33,700 ft. is equivalent of breathing air at:

32. Question

Air in the atmosphere is made up of:

33. Question

Above what altitude do pilots need to breath supplementary oxygen?

34. Question

A large number of medical preparations can be bought without a doctors prescription. In relation to using these preparations, which of the following is correct:

35. Question

Alcohol unit is the amount of alcohol metabolized by human organism during:

36. Question

A pilot is 2 metres tall and weighs 90 kilograms. What is his Body Mass Index and is he over-weight?

37. Question